Evidence of the change in ploidy levels in the plantlets established from endosperm culture of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium)

چکیده مقاله

Abstract
Allium hirtifolium (Amaryllidaceae), called “Mooseer” or Persian shallot in Iran, is a bulbous plant with high medicinal
values. It is native and endemic to the North West to central and South West of Iran. In the present study, regeneration
plants with chromosomal changes are produced through in vitro mature and immature endosperm culture. In our study,
both cultured endosperms formed yellow- green calli induced in the MS medium supplemented with (1.5 or 2 mg·L- 1)
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4- D), (0.5 or 1 mg·L- 1) α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) plus (0.5 or 1 mg·L- 1)
6-furfurylamino purine (Kin) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest callus induction in mature (87.62%) and
immature (62.49%) endosperms was achieved on a medium with 1 mg·L-1 NAA and 1 mg·L- 1 BAP. Regenerated shoots
were transferred for bulblet formation to investigate their potential for bulblet production. Regeneration of plantlets from
endosperm tissue shows high chromosome variations and polyploidy. Flow cytometry analysis and chromosome number confrmed that diploid (2n=2x=16), triploid (2n= 3x=24), tetraploid (2n=4x=32) and aneuploid plantlets were
obtained. The comparison of stomatal density and size in complete plantlets has revealed that with the increase ploidy
level, stomatal density decreased because of enlargement in stomatal size.