Target Interpretability and Functional Mapping of rTMS and Theta-Burst Stimulation of the Cerebellar Vermis and Midline Cerebellum: A Scoping Review

چکیده مقاله

The cerebellar vermis and midline cerebellum contribute to motor, oculomotor, vestibular, cognitive, affective, autonomic, and network-level functions. Human rTMS/TBS studies targeting these regions are methodologically heterogeneous, and reported effects may be over-attributed when anatomical labels, localization methods, or target separability are unclear. We conducted a PRISMA-ScR-guided scoping review of human repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and theta-burst stimulation studies targeting the cerebellar vermis or midline cerebellum. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) were searched from inception to 6 August 2026, with no publication-date restriction. Evidence was synthesized by functional domain, methodological characteristics, and a pragmatic target-interpretability framework based on anatomical labeling, localization, condition separability, and reporting adequacy. Forty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria. Evidence spanned ten functional domains or application-oriented areas and was heterogeneous in populations, protocols, localization, comparator or sham procedures, outcome timing, and adverse-event reporting. Twenty-six studies used direct vermis/midline targets, 12 provided separately interpretable vermis/midline conditions, and 10 used lower-specificity medial/paravermal or midline-related targets. Trial-registry searching yielded 243 unique registrations, identifying ongoing and unpublished studies that contextualize the evidence map; however, no additional study entered the primary synthesis from registry alone. The review contributes a functional evidence