Highly sensitive quantification of Amlodipine in real samples using graphene oxide-chitosan surface plasmon resonance sensor

چکیده مقاله

Accurate diagnosis and proper dosage determination of amlodipine are crucial due to the potential for severe side effects, including seizures, alterations in blood pressure, and changes in heart rate. Additionally, concurrent use of amlodipine with other medications can result in drug interactions, further elevating the risk of adverse effects. Our research demonstrates that the graphene oxide-chitosan (GO-CS) composite functioned as a modifier of the gold chip surface, leading to 0.75° angular changes in relation to the bare gold chip. We utilized the finite-difference time-domain method to verify the effectiveness of the SPR sensor and its damping field by determining the material's effective refractive index and optimizing it with effective medium theory. Our findings revealed that the GO-CS biosensor with sensitivity 249◦μM⁻¹ has a linear range of 0.05–150 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 50 nM. Finally, we employed GO-CS/Au to identify this drug in common tablets and urine samples and compared the attained results with HPLC as a standard golden method, representing desirable features for real sample analysis.