Cooperative hybrid consensus with function optimization for blockchain

Abstract

Blockchain-based consensus methods such as PoW (Proof of Work) and PoS (Proof of Stake) are widely used and favored these days, but each has disadvantages. One of the significant issues PoW encountered with it is wasting a large amount of energy. PoW faces environmental protection problems and has serious opponents. To address this problem and others, we propose a cooperative hybrid consensus method that uses PoW initially, followed by PoS to choose a leader for adding the block to the blockchain. We change the primary hash calculation in PoW with function optimization. Our protocol provides a cooperation mechanism to collaborate with decentralized nodes. Every node that works fine gets a reward for its cooperation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we simulated it using different benchmark functions. Simulated experiments demonstrate that our proposed protocol successfully performs optimization with the iteration-best measurement. Also, we proposed the security analysis of our protocol. The security analysis and experimental results represent that our proposed protocol is appropriate in practice.