The History of Wrestling in Iran

Abstract

Wrestling is one of the oldest and most popular sports in Iran, with roots dating back to ancient times. This sport is recognized in Iranian culture and history as a symbol of strength, bravery, and skill. Historical evidence indicates that wrestling in Iran dates back over 3,000 years and is mentioned in ancient Persian texts such as Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. During the Achaemenid era, wrestling was practiced as both a military and recreational activity, particularly in royal courts and among warriors. Similarly, in the Sassanid period, wrestling was celebrated as a martial and ceremonial art performed during festivals and ceremonies. This era significantly contributed to the spread and promotion of wrestling among various social classes. With the advent of Islam and the resulting cultural shifts, wrestling remained a national and traditional sport in Iran. During this period, wrestlers were regarded as national heroes, and wrestling matches were held during festivals and religious events. Over the following centuries, wrestling became a core element of Iranian popular culture and traditions, leading to the emergence of different styles, including freestyle wrestling and Pahlavani wrestling. Pahlavani, symbolizing the Iranian ethos of heroism and chivalry, includes unique rituals and customs. In this style, wrestlers adhere to principles of mutual respect and ethical values. Beyond being a sport, Pahlavani serves as a cultural and social rite, promoting virtues like courage, honesty, and respect for others. In the 20th century, Iranian wrestling gained international recognition. By achieving remarkable successes in global competitions and the Olympics, it brought Iran's name to the world stage. Renowned champions such as Gholamreza Takhti, Hamid Sourian, and Hassan Yazdani are among the prominent figures in Iranian wrestling, celebrated not only for their athletic achievements but also as national and cultural icons. Today, wrestling remains one of the most beloved sports in Iran. The Iranian Wrestling Federation, as the governing body, strives to promote the sport both nationally and internationally and to acquaint new generations with this traditional art. With its rich history and deep cultural roots, wrestling in Iran endures as a cherished national heritage.